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FARMING PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES TO REACH FOOD 
STANDARDS OF SMALL-SCALE SHRIMP FARMS 
IN THE MEKONG DELTA
Phan Thanh Lam1*
ABSTRACT
Shrimp culture becomes main occupation of many farmers in the coastal areas of the Mekong 
River Delta (MKD); however, shrimp farming has not really sustainable. This study is to assess 
the current farming practices and challenges to reach international food standards of small-scale 
shrimp farms. This study was carried-out in four coastal provinces in the MKD,A randomized 
stratified sampling method was used to select survey-sites and survey-farms for interview. The 
230 belongings to five typical shrimp farming systems in the MKD were selected for face-to-face 
interviewing. The findings show that many shrimp farms were likely to reach several standard 
criteria such eFCR (≤1.8 in Black Tiger Shrimp culture, and ≤1.5 in White-legged Shrimp culture), 
stocking density (≤15PL/m2 in the lower investment shrimp system), survival rate (>25% in the 
lower investment shrimp system, and >60% in the higher investment shrimp system), no banned 
chemical/drug and wild-seed source use, community relationships, property rights, and biodiversity 
protection. However, there are still many standard criteria that farms could not meet such as criteria 
for effluent management (most farms release their waste water without any treatment and had no 
sediment basins), registration of farms (many farms were not legally registered), shrimp mortality 
management (lack of proper methods), labor arrangements (verbal contracts), farm hygiene, and 
recordkeeping requirements.With these current shrimp farming practices, it is still far behind to 
reach criteria of the food standards; therefore, the shrimp farms, especially small-scale farms 
need to be strengthened and to improved their infrastructure conditions and farming techniques to 
promote the adoption of international food standards.
Keywords: farming practices, small-scale farm, food standards.
 Người phản biện: TS. Vũ Anh Tuấn
Ngày nhận bài: 18/11/2015
Ngày thông qua phản biện: 18/12/2015
Ngày duyệt đăng: 25/12/2015
1. Department of Fisheries Ecology &Aquatic Resources, Research Institute for Aquaculture No.2 
* Email: pthanhlam@yahoo.com