Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions

Native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) are needed to teach English at

many universities in Vietnam because they are commonly regarded as

models for communication in English. Yet, does this rationale correspond

with the views of students who enrolled in high-quality programmes and

administrators (departmental and functional leaders who are administering

the programmes)? This article reports on research carried out with

university students and leaders at University A (A pseudonym was used for

the researched institution) in Vietnam, exploring stakeholders’ (specifically

students and institutional leaders) perceptions of employing NESTs to teach

English speaking skills. Data were collected through an open-ended

questionnaire with 65 students and in-depth interviews with 40 students

(those who participated in the interviews also responded to the

questionnaire) and interviews with four leaders. Data were thematically

analysed through an inductive approach. The major factors that could help

NESTs meet students’ expectations were their teaching methods and the

extent to which they could interact with students together with

communicative competence and cultural knowledge. Students viewed NESTs

as models for communicating in English but also had difficulty in

understanding these teachers when there were differences in culture and

language uses. It was indicated by leaders that NESTs are employed as a

motivating and diversifying source of teaching staff and marketing

communication figures for the institution. The findings suggest that to meet

students’ expectations, it is necessary that NESTs improve their teaching

methods, receive training and be under a screening procedure of recruitment

and quality assurance. Employing NESTs is a trend in Vietnam, but quality

procedures need to be established for assuring that these NESTs comply with

the quality expectation at the institution

Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions trang 1

Trang 1

Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions trang 2

Trang 2

Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions trang 3

Trang 3

Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions trang 4

Trang 4

Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions trang 5

Trang 5

Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions trang 6

Trang 6

Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions trang 7

Trang 7

Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions trang 8

Trang 8

Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions trang 9

Trang 9

Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions trang 10

Trang 10

Tải về để xem bản đầy đủ

pdf 17 trang xuanhieu 3580
Bạn đang xem 10 trang mẫu của tài liệu "Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions", để tải tài liệu gốc về máy hãy click vào nút Download ở trên

Tóm tắt nội dung tài liệu: Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions

Employing native English-Speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions
nsider having long-term contracts with them 
through recruitment policies. All the leader 
participants have the same view on the issue: 
It is necessary to consider recruiting 
NESTs as tenured teaching staff so that 
they become responsible and committed 
to teaching for long-term interest. It is 
possible to assign them to teaching a 
complete course. Every semester, the 
staffing of NESTs keeps changing, so 
new NESTs do not know about our 
organisational culture. (DL-INT) 
Long-term contracts may make NESTs 
responsible for students’ learning. It is 
also crucial to assign them more 
teaching hours. (LAA-INT) 
These leaders agreed that employing NESTs is a 
way to market the institution’s brand, especially 
the high quality programmes. 
5. CONCLUSION 
The employment of NESTs for high quality 
programmes at University A was grounded by 
students’ and leaders’ perceptions of their 
linguistic competence. In fact, native speaker 
teachers were necessary for students to improve 
English. This presents a high demand of NESTs 
for English courses at the university. NESTs 
represent motivating models of pronunciation, 
fluency, and communication that helped improve 
students’ speaking and listening skills. These 
teachers provided conditions for students’ practice 
provided that they have appropriate teaching 
methods together with experience. As a good 
example of using natural English, these teachers 
may encourage communication and the 
development of communicative competence. 
However, the concerns of using NESTs are 
associated with their teaching methodology. 
When NESTs lacked sound teaching methods, 
they may fail to engage students in learning. Their 
cultural background can be a source for students 
to learn how to communicate internationally, but 
it also restricts communication and inhibits 
students’ understanding of messages delivered 
due to the lack of shared values. Thus, several 
solutions to address the concerns may include 
offering NESTs proper training, engaging them in 
co-teaching with local English teachers, and 
establishing a standardised procedure for 
recruitment and teaching improvement. The 
findings from this study have posed some areas 
for further examination of the issue being 
addressed. These may include the relationship 
An Giang University Journal of Science – 2019, Vol. 6, 1 – 17 
13 
between students’ learning and the quality of 
NESTs, the possible implementation of co-
teaching for high quality programmes, and the 
effectiveness of NESTs’ teaching and student 
learning outcomes. Another issue to consider is 
investigating the problem from the NESTs’ 
perspectives. 
Acknowledgement 
The authors acknowledge the students and the 
leaders that kindly agreed to participate in this 
study and share their experiences in the 
interviews. 
REFERENCES 
Alptekin, C. (1991). A look into the use of native 
speaker teachers in EFL programs. TEFL 
Turkey Reporter, 1, 5-8. 
Ardó, Z. (1997). The very heart of English? On 
culture, language, and the native speaker’s 
head. TESL-EJ, 1(4), 2. 
Arntsen, T. (2017). ESL Controversy: Native 
speakers and non-native speakers can both 
succeed as ESL teachers. 
native-speaker-vs-non-native.html 
Arva, V., & Medgyes, P. (2000). Native and non-
native teachers in the classroom. System, 28, 
355-372. 
Bedford, R. C. (1970). The role and function of 
the native teacher. English Teaching Forum, 
8(5), 7-11. 
Benke, E., & Medgyes, P. (2005). Differences in 
teaching behaviour between native and 
nonnative speaker teachers: As seen by the 
learners. In E. Llurda (Ed.), Nonnative 
language teachers: Perceptions, challenges 
and contributions to the profession (pp. 195-
215). New York, NY: Springer. 
Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of 
syntax. Cambridge: MIT Press. 
Chun, S. Y. (2014). EFL learners' beliefs about 
native and non-native English-speaking 
teachers: perceived strengths, weaknesses, and 
preferences. Journal of Multilingual and 
Multicultural Development, 35(6), 563-579. 
Davies, A. (2004). The native speaker in applied 
linguistics. In A. Davies & C. Elder (Eds.), 
The handbook of applied linguistics (pp. 431-
450). Oxford, UK: Blackwell. 
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). The 
SAGE handbook of qualitative research (4th 
ed.). Thousand Oak, CA: Sage. 
Dornyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied 
linguistics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University 
Press. 
Ha Nam, H. (2010). The pedagogy and its 
effectiveness among native and non-native 
speaking teachers in the Korean EFL context. 
( Unpublished doctoral thesis ), University of 
Buffalo, State University of New York. 
Han, S. A. (2005). Good teachers know where to 
scratch when learn- ers feel itchy: Korean 
learners’ views of native-speaking teachers of 
English. Australian Journal of Education, 49, 
197-213. 
Jie, Z. (1999). How can a Chinese teacher of 
English succeed in oral English classes? The 
Internet TESL Journal, 5(7). 
Kitzinger, J. (1995). Qualitative Research: 
Introducing focus groups. British Medical 
Journal, 311, 299. 
Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J. M. (2005). What do 
students think about the pros and cons of 
having a native-speaker teacher? In E. Llurda 
(Ed.), Nonnative language teachers: 
Perceptions, challenges and contributions to 
the profession (pp. 217-242). New York, NY: 
Springer. 
Lee, I. (2000). Can a non-native English speaker 
be a good English teacher? TESOL Matters, 
10(1), 19. 
Liu, L. (2008). Co-teaching between native and 
non-native English teachers: An exploration of 
An Giang University Journal of Science – 2019, Vol. 6, 1 – 17 
14 
co-teaching models and strategies in the 
Chinese primary school context. Reflections on 
English Language Teaching, 7(2), 103–118. 
Ma, L. P. F. (2012). Perceived teaching behaviour 
of native and non-native English speaking 
teachers in Hong Kong: Are there any 
differences? Hong Kong Journal of Applied 
Linguistics, 14(1), 89–108. 
Mahboob, A. (2003). Status of nonnative English-
speaking teach- ers in the United States. 
(Unpublished doctoral dissertation), Indiana 
University, Indiana University, Bloomington. . 
Marshall, M. N. (1996). Sampling for qualitative 
research. Family Practice, 13(6), 522-525. 
Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Qualitative research 
design: An interative approach (2nd ed.). 
Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. 
Meadows, B., & Muramatsu, Y. (2007). Native 
speaker or non-native speaker teacher?: A 
report of student preferences in four different 
foreign language classrooms. Arizona Working 
Papers in SLA & Teaching, 14, 95-109. 
Merriam, S. B. (2001a). Qualitative research and 
case study applications in education (2nd ed.). 
San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. 
Merriam, S. B. (2001b). Qualitative research and 
case study applications in education: Revised 
and expanded from case study research in 
education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. 
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A 
guide to design and implementation. San 
Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. 
Mertens, D. M. (2005). Research and evaluation 
in education and psychology: Integrating 
diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and 
mixed methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. 
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). 
Qualitative data analysis: An expanded 
sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: 
SAGE. 
Millrood, R. (1999). How native English speakers 
can be better English teachers in Russia. The 
Internet TESL Journal, 5(1). 
Miyazato, K. (2002). Anxiety or admiration?: 
Japanese EFL learner's perceptions of native 
speaker teachers' classes. Paper presented at 
the JALT Conference 2002. 
Mok, W. (1994). Reflecting on reflections: A case 
study of experienced and inexperienced ESL 
teachers. System, 22(1), 93-111. 
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative evaluation and 
research methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, 
CA: Sage. 
Reves, T., & Medgyes, P. (1994). The non-native 
English speaking EFL/ESL teacher‟s self-
image: An international survey. System, 22(3), 
353-367. 
Şahin, İ. (2005). The effect of native speaker 
teachers of English on the attitudes and 
achievement of learners. Journal of Language 
and Linguistic Studies, 1(1), 29-42. 
Stake, R. E. (2010). Qualitative research: 
Studying how things work. New York: The 
Guilford Press. 
Strevens, P. (1992). English as an international 
language: Direction in the 1990s. In B. B. 
Kachru (Ed.), The other tongue: English 
across cultures (2nd ed., pp. 27-47). Urbana, 
IL: University of Illinois Press. 
SuriatiJusoh, F., Alias, N., Siraj, S., Witt, D. D., 
Hussin, Z., & Darusalam, G. (2013). Research 
and trends in the studies of native & non-
native speaker teachers of languages: A review 
on selected researches and theses. The 
Malaysian Online Journal of Educational 
Science, 1(1), 30-42. 
Walkinshaw, I., & Oanh, D. T. H. (2012). Native- 
and non-native speaking English teachers in 
Vietnam: Weighing the benefits. TESL-EJ, 
16(3), 1-17. 
An Giang University Journal of Science – 2019, Vol. 6, 1 – 17 
15 
Walkinshaw, I., & Oanh, D. T. H. (2014). Native 
and non-native English language teachers: 
Student perceptions in Vietnam and Japan. 
SAGE Open, 1-9. 
Wong, C.-Y. (2009). Are native speakers “good” 
language instructors? A case study of 
untrained ESL tutors. ARECLS, 6, 122-140. 
Wu, K. H., & Ke, C. (2009). Haunting native 
speakerism? Students’ perceptions toward 
native speaking English teachers in Taiwan. 
English Language Teaching, 2(3), 44-52. 
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design 
and methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: 
SAGE. 
An Giang University Journal of Science – 2019, Vol. 6, 1 – 17 
16 
APPENDIX A 
Open-ended self-report questionnaire for student participants 
Project title: Employing native English-speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions 
Thank you for giving me your time today. The purpose of this questionnaire is to hear from your 
perceptions of employing native English-speaking teachers for English courses. I hope you feel free to be 
frank. I have a list of quesitions I would like you to discuss. 
Please answer the following questions: 
1. What are your expectations when studying English with NESTs? 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
2. In your view, what are the advantages of learning English with NESTs? 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
3. What are the problems you are having with NESTs? 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
4. What could be done to solve the problems? 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 
Thank you very much for your help with my research. 
Best wishes, 
An Giang University Journal of Science – 2019, Vol. 6, 1 – 17 
17 
APPENDIX B 
Guiding questions for interviews with leader participants 
Project title: Employing native English-speaking teachers for English courses: Stakeholders’ perceptions 
Thank you for giving me your time today. The purpose of this questionnaire is to hear from your 
perceptions of employing native English-speaking teachers for English courses. I hope you feel free to be 
frank. I have a list of quesitions I would like you to discuss. 
Please answer the following questions: 
1. What are your expectations when employing NESTs to teach the English courses? 
2. In your view, what are the advantages students can have when they learn English with NESTs? 
3. What are the problems students have with NESTs? 
4. What could be done to solve the problems? 
Thank you very much for your help with my research. 
Best wishes, 
Nguyen Vu Phuong 

File đính kèm:

  • pdfemploying_native_english_speaking_teachers_for_english_cours.pdf