The cultural capital of the indigo-dyed textiles community of Phu Tai ethnic group for the development of creative tourism communities

Community 
Group, Mak Mao Wannawong garden. These are 
the source of cultivating Mak Mao and Mak Mao 
juice and there are 2 indigo dyeing communities in 
Sakon Nakhon Province, which are Ban Oundong 
and Ban Kut Had which is also included as a 
research area. 
This form of community tourism selects 
research area at Ban Oundong village which is 
presented in the form of indigo dyeing community. 
Which gives an opportunity for tourists to learn 
about the biological resources of indigo, which are 
cultivated on the plains of the Phu Phan Mountains 
the indigo plantation in this area has the 
characteristics of indigo which is an important 
product. Although there are 2 species of indigo, but 
in the coloring process, it is found that there are 
differences and the production of indigo water for 
dyeing fabrics, then the community uses cotton 
fibers as an important component, resulting in good 
quality indigo products. In addition, the tourism 
route model also focuses on visiting the indigo 
garden, which is an important economic crop of the 
community. There are also demonstrations of 
indigo fermentation, indigo juice and indigo dyeing 
pots. In which all tourists will have a learning 
process through listening and watching is 
important. But the action may not be fully 
implemented because the duration of the journey 
into the community takes quite a long time and 
indigo harvesting was done in the early morning 
there will be some, just practice dyeing and buying 
the products of the group only in order to make it 
more clear to see the image of this second form of 
tourism presenting via the following chart. 
Pokkasina Chathiphot et al/ No.19_Sep 2020|p.108-120 
119 
From the above chart, it can be explained that 
the Sakon Nakhon Bio Tourism route model has 
focused on the learning process of the prototype 
community in terms of products that are registered 
as geographical indications and jointly create ways 
to learn about biological resources and local 
wisdom Which is used to create an economic value 
added but stands on the base of the community and 
local wisdom in each area especially indigo-dyed 
cotton fabric of Ban Un-Dong community. Which 
is considered to be the first GI standard in Sakon 
Nakhon Province. It becomes an important 
community product and cultural product that can 
generate income for the people in the community 
and helps to clearly improve the community 
economy. 
3. The development of a suitable creative 
tourism route model from the base of biodiversity 
and cultural capital based on the local wisdom of 
indigo dyeing 
From the context study in the research area 
together with the analysis of the tourism route 
pattern that has been done in Sakon Nakhon 
Province. It made the researchers see that each form 
of tourism and each community has some strengths 
and limitations that make the travel path format 
different. According to studies, it has been found 
that these strengths and limitations come from 
geographic conditions. Community readiness and 
people, which are important factors for driving 
tourism. However, the researcher found that what 
can be developed as a form of creative tourism for 
these communities comes from 1) the diversity of 
natural resources and the diversity of wisdom and 
culture. (Emphasizing the importance of indigo 
dyeing wisdom) 2) religious sites and temples 3) 
ethnic groups When the cultural capital of the 
community in the research area is assembled and 
analyze the problems that occurred from previous 
tourism management then take it to determine and 
draw conclusions from people in the area to get a 
creative tourism management model, whereby the 4 
research communities are combined each 
community has different forms of tourism 
management. No duplication despite having similar 
cultural capital therefore creating a form of creative 
tourism which will be discussed in the following 
details 
The researchers used 3 types of cultural capital 
to classify points of interest and places. Interesting 
that is on the path of tourism forms, the first issue is 
about indigo dyed fabrics. By considering the 
characteristics of the 4 indigo dyeing communities, 
before using them to define the characteristics of 
the creative tourism styles differently from the 
study found that Ban Oundong community has the 
distinctive characteristics of indigo planting which 
is planted the area is over 20 rai wide and indigo 
cultivation is a flat area between the valleys of the 
Phu Phan mountain range. The plantation is in the 
form of a group of indigo growers, Ban Oundong-
Nong Chaiwan. The period of planting from May 
until August will enter the indigo harvest season. 
Pokkasina Chathiphot et al/ No.19_Sep 2020|p.108-120 
120 
Therefore consider that during the month of August 
onwards is the season of tourism in Ban Oundong 
community and tourists will be able to study and 
learn about indigo, a kind of natural color plant that 
has an influence on communities in terms of 
intellectual, cultural and economic value. It is a 
learning of important biological resources in the 
area of the community that can be applied to create 
a creative economy. Ban Kham Kha Community 
there are characteristics of knowledge related to the 
pot forming process. Preparing the dye who is 
complex process and has a unique style. It requires 
skills and experience in order to make the dye 
preparation effective and able to dye indigo with 
beautiful colors and including keeping the indigo 
pot to endure. The researcher has applied the 
knowledge of wisdom teachers as a guideline in 
determining the creative tourism model of Ban 
Kham Kha community. 
The second point is Religious places and 
temples linked to the form of tourism routes the 
researcher selects temples or religious sites that are 
located in the path of the community. The research 
area can be developed in conjunction with the 
creative tourism route. By establishing that it is an 
important point for tourists to study and learn about 
the history and autobiography of monks, professors 
and important people in relation to the temple or 
religious place resulting in temples or religious 
places appears on the tourist route, including Narai 
Jengweng Castle, Phra That Choeng Chum Stupa, 
Sutthawat Temple, Phurithat Thirawat Temple, 
Udom Somphon Temple and Santi Sangkharam 
temple which the form of tourism routes that have 
included the temples and religious sites of the city 
and Phanna Nikhom comprehensive and also 
composing a biography of the important monk of 
Sakon Nakhon Province, such as Luang Pu Man 
Phuritatthera, Luang Pu Fan Ajaro and Luang Pu 
Sim Phutthajaro, in which the religious matter will 
try present an overview of the practices and the 
simplicity of the life of the vipassana including 
temples that are the destination for those who want 
tranquility and religious learning resources. 
The last point is ethnic group., According to 
this research, the path of creative tourism found 
that the Phu Tai ethnic group is the main ethnic 
group and is a group that has a way of life, culture, 
associated with indigo dyeing cloth. It is the first 
group to revive the knowledge of indigo dyeing 
cloth to come back to life again and is a group that 
has inherited systematically creating that wisdom 
from one generation to another. Phu Tai people 
have a weaving culture that is closely tied to the 
system of relations of the family. There is a wide 
transfer of knowledge. In a contextual study, it was 
found that the Thai people of Ban Oundong have a 
close relationship with the Phu Tai people, Ban 
Kham Kha, Ban Nong Phai, Ban Non Ruea, Ban 
Tor Ruea, and Phu Tai people in Phanna Nikhom 
district. It is a group of people who migrated from 
Laos during the reign of King Rama III and were a 
group that came from Mueang Wang, Mueang Pin, 
Mueang Nong especially the Mueang Wang group 
that came to settle in Phanna Nikhom district and 
were scattered to settle in various areas making 
Phanna Nikhom District as one of the provinces in 
Sakon Nakhon Province that has a large number of 
Phu Tai people. In addition to getting to know more 
of the Phu Tai ethnic group, the research focuses to 
learn about other ways of life, culture of the Phu 
Tai people as well, such as the dress, food and 
language of the Phu Tai people as well. 
Discussion 
The title of the research "The Development of 
Creative Tourism Route Model from biodiversity 
and cultural capital based on the local wisdom of 
indigo dyeing community Sakon Nakhon" a new 
tourism approach that focuses on increasing 
experience and knowledge based on the concepts 
adopted from previous research (Wurzburger et al., 
2009). This creative tourism concept focuses on 
developing and creating a network of creative cities 
and the knowledge promoting forum and 
understanding of culture and identity of each 
community through experience. This research 
suggests that the strengths of the culture and 
cultural identity of the community are used to 
create new experiences for tourists. It highlights the 
distinctive identity of the indigo dyeing community 
of Sakon Nakhon province as the core of creative 
tourism management and is compiled with 
historical sites, religious places and temples 
including the identity of ethnic groups to present to 
make a difference from traditional cultural tourism. 
In addition, in terms of types and behavior of 
tourists and cultural-related tourist sites, the 
Pokkasina Chathiphot et al/ No.19_Sep 2020|p.108-120 
121 
research suggests that creative tourists should be to 
engage in activities such as photography, painting, 
pottery making, food and handicraft work 
especially participation in learning about 
handicrafts from indigo dyeing works of the 
community. This includes to having knowledge 
learnt from wisdom teachers who are engaged in 
indigo making and indigo dyeing. This is in line 
with the tourists' behavior of Smith (2003) that each 
type of tourists are interested in different places and 
tourism activities which can be used as a guideline 
in formulating strategies to meet the needs which 
will lead to revenue generation for tourist 
destinations while promoting knowledge, 
understanding and preserving the culture of the 
community. 
Conclusion 
This research study is one of the important 
strategies of Sakon Nakhon province on trade 
investment and tourism by having a tourism policy 
of 3 cities that is composed of nature, dharma and 
culture together. This can be an aid to attract a 
variety of tourists, thus leading to develop into a 
concrete creative tourism. In addition, Sakon 
Nakhon Province is under the group of the upper 
northeast region 2 which has the potential to drive 
the economy resulting from creative tourism 
because there are a variety of natural attractions, 
biological resources and local knowledge including 
ethnic groups with unique identities and is also a 
bridge on the eastern economic corridor connecting 
to ASEAN countries and southern China. 
Therefore, it is necessary to plan for development 
of the region as a secondary city for tourist 
destination. 
Suggestions and Recommendations 
This study should extend 
1. The study of the factors that affect the 
accomplishment of creative tourism in the weaving 
community, 
2. The factors that contributed to the 
strengthening of weaving community, 
3. Research results should be extended to other 
groups in the community employing the community 
empowerment approach from case study of indigo 
dyed cloth. 
References 
1. Chathiphot, P. (2017). The role of Phu Tai 
women through their local wisdom of indigo-dyed 
textile in community strengthening in Sakon 
Nakhon province, Thailand. 
International Symposium on Social Sciences 
and Management. January 19-21, 2017. Hokkaido, 
Japan. pp. 315-328. 
2. Pongsan Srisomsap. (2016). Creative 
Tourism Model for ASEAN Economi Community 
(AEC) : A case study of Chon Bun Province. 
Faculty of Political Science, Ramkhamhaeng 
University. 
3. Chiranut Sopha et al. (2015). The 
Development of Gastronomic Tourism Routes in 
ASEAN. Suan Dusit Rajabhat University. 
4. Chathiphot, D. (2015). Women’s life of 
weaving and indigo dyeing: Transmission and 
Creative wisdom of Phu Tai Indigo Dye Textile. 
The 5th Cultural Research: Culture in Life and Life 
in Culture: 5 July 2015. Bangkok: Department of 
Cultural Promotion, pp. 6-20. 
5. Viboon Leesuwan. (1984). Folk crafts. 
Bangkok: Banya.2007). Encyclopedia of fabrics 
and weaving machines. Bangkok: Muang Boran. 
6. Richards, G. (2011). Creativity and tourism: 
The state of the art. Annals of Tourism 
Research 38, 4, p.1225-1253. 
7.Department of Intellectual Property. (2015). 
Announcement of the Department of Intellectual 
Property: Registration of Geographical indication 
Natural indigo fabric, Sakon Nakhon. 11 March 
2015. 
Pokkasina Chathiphot et al/ No.19_Sep 2020|p.108-120 
122 
VỐN VĂN HÓA CỦA CỘNG ĐỒNG DÂN TỘC DỆT - 
NHUỘM CHÀM PHU TAI PHÁT TRIỂN SÁNG TẠO DU LỊCH CỘNG ĐỒNG 
Nilobol Phuraya, Pokkasina Chathiphot, 
Pannawadee Srikhao, Yanika Saensuriwong, Kanyarat Masaengsom 
Thông tin bài viết Tóm tắt 
Ngày nhận bài: 
21/9/2020 
Ngày duyệt đăng: 
10/12/2020 
 Bài viết này nhằm mục đích nghiên cứu vốn văn hóa của cộng đồng nhuộm 
chàm Ban Nong Khrong, Don Kloy, Kham Kha và Oun Dong, huyện 
Phannanikhom, tỉnh Sakon Nakhon, Thái Lan. Đây được phát triển như một 
làng du lịch văn hóa sáng tạo, thu được từ dữ liệu vốn văn hóa thu thập được, 
bao gồm bối cảnh xã hội và văn hóa của cộng đồng nhuộm chàm thông qua 
quan sát tham gia, phỏng vấn sâu, thảo luận nhóm và thử nghiệm với những 
người cung cấp thông tin chính theo thứ tự để tìm ra cách phát triển thành một 
cộng đồng văn hóa cho du lịch bền vững. Nghiên cứu phát hiện ra rằng cộng 
đồng này có vốn văn hóa, đặc trưng là nghề dệt vải bông nhuộm chàm, đây là 
yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thu nhập của người dân trong cộng đồng. Hầu hết các cư 
dân ở Ban Nong Khrong, Don Kloy, Kham Kha và Oun Dong đều thừa hưởng 
nghề dệt vải chàm và trí tuệ hấp hối này từ tổ tiên của họ. Nghiên cứu cũng cố 
gắng tạo ra nhiều giá trị hơn bằng cách bổ sung vốn văn hóa và trí tuệ của bản 
sắc dân tộc Phú Tài và dệt nhuộm chàm như một đại diện của cộng đồng du 
lịch văn hóa, bằng cách sử dụng mô hình trình bày cộng đồng với các hoạt 
động du lịch sáng tạo như nhuộm, dệt, địa nấu nướng. Các hoạt động này tạo ra 
một trải nghiệm chung để khách du lịch có thể tham gia học hỏi về vốn văn hóa 
và trí tuệ của cộng đồng Phú Tài. 
Từ khóa: 
Vốn văn hóa cộng đồng, 
văn hóa du lịch cộng đồng, 
du lịch sáng tạo, dệt nhuộm 
chàm của người Phú Tài.