A high-Performance routing protocol based on multi-metric for manet

ocol for integrated metrics. According to this approach, 
MANET, our protocol using three routing metrics Geetha N. and et al. (2012) [16] proposed a new 
are queue length, link quality and hops number to routing protocol, called HCESDSR protocol to 
aim to select the high-performance route, namely improve the lifetime for MANET. This work 
MM-AODV (Multi-Metric – AODV). proposes a new routing metric, called the Expected 
 This paper structure is organized as follows: Minimum Lifetime of the route. Based on this 
In the next section, we present the related work. metric, the routing cost function will select the 
Section 3 presents the proposed routing protocol. route. The simulation results show that HCESDSR 
Section 4 presents different simulation results to protocol improve the network lifetime and time 
verify the proposed protocol performance, and delay compare to other traditional protocols.
Section 5 is Conclusions. Although these proposed protocols improved 
 This paper is the extended result from our network performance in specific scenarios, with a 
research which we presented at the ACIIDS [20]. high mobile network environment as MANET, the 
 system performance is affected by many factors 
2. Related Work such as dynamic network structure, mobility of 
 Survey recent works show that MANET network nodes, and network size. Therefore, the 
performance research direction is very active and issue of optimizing network performance is always 
achieved positive results [13-16], as follows: topical and attracts the attention of researchers.
 According to the multi-metric approach, 
A. M. Mezher and et al. (2017) [13] proposal the 3. MM-AODV Protocol
3MRP routing protocol to send video messages A visual way to select a set of parameters 
over Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks in smart cities. to improve routing performance is to identify 
This protocol uses five routing metrics to select problems that affect network performance. In [4, 
optimize the route. Simulation results on NS2 show 17], the main parameters that affect the MANET 
that the 3MRP routing protocol improves in term performance are hops number, link quality, and 
of time delay, and packet delivery ratio compares queue length at nodes. The detailed improvements 
with other traditional protocols. According to this are presented in the following subsections.
research, D. Lin and et al. (2017) [14] proposal the 3.1 Routing Metrics
MoZo routing protocol to communication between Traditional routing protocols such as AODV 
vehicles without relying on the fixed infrastructure. and DSR select the route based on the smallest 
The primary idea of the protocol is proposed that hops. In fact, the shortest route may not give the 
each vehicle will have a GPS module to obtain best bandwidth or time delay. Note again, system 
routing information, combined with clustering performance is determined by three metrics: 
techniques to improve system performance. throughput, time delay, and packet delivery ratio. 
Khoa học & Công nghệ - Số 27/Tháng 9 - 2020 Journal of Science and Technology 35
ISSN 2354-0575
In order to improve system performance, this work Therefore, the routing cost of the P path, as follows:
 P-1
proposes a routing cost function as follows: CP()Pi= /i = 1 CP() (4)
 - P(i): the hops number between a pair node Based on Equation (4), the source node will 
source and the destination. select the lowest cost route. Experimental results 
 - ETX(l): This metric reflects the link quality. showed that the most effective performance 
We use the technique in [15]. The expected parameter set: .
transmission number require to successfully deliver 
a packet on link calculated as follows: 3.2. Method of Selection Route
 1
 ETXl()= (1) When the source network node (S) necessary 
 ddfr×
 to determine a route for data transmission, node 
 ETX of path p, is the total of ETX of each link 
 S sets the parameter set \,,bc . This parameter 
l, with lp! . ^h
 set is integrated into the RREQ routing packet 
 - LQ :: This metric determines the processing 
 (i) header. At each intermediate node, the nodes will 
capability of the mobile network node. In fact, in the 
 read the performance parameter set, compute the 
MANET environment, each mobile network device 
 cost according to the performance parameter set, 
has an ability (RAM,CPU) is different. Therefore, 
 and continue to broadcast the RREQ packet with 
the processing ability is different. Routing technique 
 the other intermediate nodes to calculated cost. 
based on the Length Queue (LQ) metric is presented 
 If an intermediate node determines a path to the 
detail in reference [18].
 destination network node, this node will be sent back 
 2 # Li
 LQ()i = (2)
 Lmax the source node of the RREP packet containing the 
Let Li and Lmax are the packet number in the MAC computed routing cost. Based on the routing cost of 
layer queue and the most extensive length queue of the returned RREP packet, the source network node 
the mobile network node i. decides the path that fit the performance metrics 
 In order to select the fit route, this work \,,bc . Details of the schema for routing cost 
 ^h
proposed a routing cost function as follows: calculation show in Figure 3.
 (3)
 Figure 3. Describe the method and route selection of the proposed routing protocol
36 Khoa học & Công nghệ - Số 27/Tháng 9 - 2020 Journal of Science and Technology
 ISSN 2354-0575
3.3. Modifications in Control Packet of AODV
 To the MM-AODV is received routing 
information, the route cost is calculated as in 
Equation (3), and making the routing decision 
based on Equation (4). The header of RREQ packet 
is modified as in Figure 2. This method has been 
proposed in many works [12-14].
 Figure 4. Average Packet Delivery Ratio
 Figure 2. The header of the RREQ packet modified In Figure 4, present average packet delivery 
 ratio results of three routing protocols. Simulation 
4. Performance Evaluation results show that when the CBR numbers is less than 
 \
 In this section, we establish simulations to 25 pairs, MM-AODV with ( =1) use Hops Number 
system performance evaluate on NS2. Our system routing method for more packet delivery ratio. 
consists of 200 mobile network nodes, distributed When the data traffic increases, the packet delivery 
randomly in area 1.000×1.000 (m). We use the ratio of MM-AODV protocol use Link Quality or 
standard 802.11 with the end-to-end connection Length Queue routing methods are better than the 
numbers (CBR), respectively: 15, 20, 25, 30, Hops Number routing method. Besides, simulation 
35, 40, 45. Simulations are performed in 300 (s). results also show that MM-AODV protocol with the 
 \
Simulation parameters are listed in Table 1. performance factor set equal ( = β = γ = 1/3) has 
 more highest and stable packet delivery.
 Table 1. Simulation Parameters
 Parameter Value
 Simulation Area 2.000×2.000 (m)
 Simulation Time 300 (s)
 Number Nodes 200
 MAC Layer 802.11
 Traffic Type CBR
 Bandwidth 2 (Mbps)
 Transport Layer UDP
 Size of Packets 512 (byte)
 Transmission Range 250 (m)
 Mobile Node Speed 2 (m/s) Figure 5. End-to-End Delay
 Initialization Energy 5 (J)
 In Figure 5, present average end-to-end 
 Transmission Power 1.0 (W)
 delay (Delay) results of three routing protocols. 
 Receive Power 02 (W)
 Simulation results show that the time delay always 
 Overhearing Power 0.01 (W)
 has uptrend as the CBR number increases. When 
 Mobility Model Two-Ray Ground CBR number is less than 25 pairs, the time delay 
Khoa học & Công nghệ - Số 27/Tháng 9 - 2020 Journal of Science and Technology 37
ISSN 2354-0575
of the three routing method is rather low, and the CBR number increases above 25 pairs, the average 
time delay of hops number routing method is least. throughput of the hops number routing method 
However, when the CBR number increased to over is the lowest compared to the two other routing 
25 pairs, the time delay of the hops number routing methods. Besides, simulation results also show that 
method increased rapidly and higher than the Link The routing method with the performance set equal 
Quality or Length Queue routing methods. The ( \ = β = γ = 1/3) always has the highest throughput.
routing method with the performance set equal ( \ Based on simulation results, we found that the 
= β = γ = 1/3) always has the lowest delay. MM-AODV routing protocol based on performance 
 factor set equal ( \ = β = γ = 1/3) always provide 
 stable system performance. In the future researches, 
 we will proposal the method to set up the appropria-
 te performance factor set in real-time for MANET.
 5. Conclusions
 In this study, we propose MM-AODV routing 
 protocol for MANET and establish a performance 
 factor set ( \ , β, γ). This routing protocol uses three 
 metrics: hops number, length queue, and link quality 
 to select the optimized path. Depending on the real-
 time network condition, one or all parameters will 
 be used in the routing cost function. The simulation 
 Figure 6. Average Throughput results show that MM-AODV protocol with the 
 routing method based on performance factor set 
 In Figure 6, present average throughput of equal provides the best system performance.
three routing protocols. Simulation results show 
that average throughput tends to increase as the Acknowledgements
CBR number increases. When the CBR number The authors sincerely thank Hung Yen 
is less than 20 pairs, the average throughput of University of Technology and Education supported 
the three routing method is quite good. When the for this research.
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 MỘT GIAO THỨC ĐỊNH TUYẾN CẢI THIỆN HIỆU NĂNG
 DỰA TRÊN ĐA THAM SỐ CHO MẠNG MANET
Tóm tắt:
 Trong thời gian gần đây, cùng với sự phát triển mạnh mẽ các hệ thống thông tin di động, Mạng 
MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) đã được triển khai và ứng dụng trong nhiều lĩnh vực phục vụ cuộc sống 
con người như nông nghiệp thông minh, giao thông thông minh, chăm sóc sức khỏe, quân sự, và các thành 
phố thông minh. Do đặc tính di động của các nút mạng trong môi trường mạng MANET, hiệu năng mạng 
rất thấp và phụ thuộc nhiều vào giao thức định tuyến được cài đặt trên đó. Để có thể đóng góp vai trò to lớn 
hơn vào các hệ thống mạng trong tương lai, các giao thức định tuyến cần linh hoạt, tiết kiệm năng lượng và 
thông minh hơn. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đề xuất một giao thức định tuyến theo yêu cầu sử dụng đa 
chi phí là: số chặng, độ dài hàng đợi và chất lượng liên kết. Dựa trên điều kiện thực tế của hệ thống mạng, 
một trong số các hệ số này sẽ tham gia vào hàm tính chi phí tuyến đường. Bên cạnh đó chúng tôi còn thực 
hiện đánh giá hiệu năng của giao thức MM-AODV các các phương thức định tuyến khác nhau. Kết quả cho 
thấy, giao thức định tuyến MM-AODV với phương thức định tuyến dựa trên bộ hệ số hiệu năng cân bằng 
cung cấp hiệu năng hệ thống ổn định hơn các phương thức còn lại.
Từ khóa: AODV, Routing Protocol, Multi-Metric, MANET.
Khoa học & Công nghệ - Số 27/Tháng 9 - 2020 Journal of Science and Technology 39