Effects of organic fertilizer and HB101 plant vitalizer on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

d 
not affect the number of grains per panicle or 
the 1000 grain weight. All the parameters were 
progressively augmented by incremental levels 
of fertilizer up to the highest dose tested. The P2 
treatment significantly increased the mean grain 
yield (2.82 tons ha-1) as compared to the P1 and 
P0 treatments, which were on par with each 
other. In terms of the HB101 solution, this 
factor did not influence the yield components or 
grain yield of the rice variety BH9 in the 
summer season, excepting the 1000 grain 
weight parameter. However, higher applications 
of the HB101 solution (N2 and N3 treatments) 
led to increases in all the parameter values as 
compared to the N0 and N1 treatments. 
The interactive effects of the organic 
fertilizer doses and HB101 spray levels on the 
yield attributes and grain yield are shown in 
Table 5. It was reported that the combination of 
Effects of organic fertilizer and HB101 plant vitalizer on the growth and yield of rice 
366 Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences 
Table 4. Effects of the organic fertilizer doses and HB101 spray levels on the yield components of the BH9 rice variety in the 
summer season 
Treatment 
Number of 
panicles per m2 
Number of grains 
per panicle 
1000 grain weight 
(g) 
Filled grains rates 
(%) 
Grain yield 
(tons ha-1) 
Organic fertilizer doses 
0 ton ha-1 (P0) 172.92b 143.03a 23.69a 74.08 2.27b 
4 tons ha-1 (P1) 177.78ab 150.13a 23.59a 73.45 2.50b 
6 tons ha-1 (P2) 186.81a 151.46a 24.02a 74.57 2.81a 
LSD0.05 P 10.51 11.49 0.54 - 0.27 
HB101 spray levels 
0% (N0) 175.93a 143.60a 23.66ab 74.81 2.52a 
0.015% (N1) 176.85a 147.23a 23.27b 74.47 2.37a 
0.025% (N2) 186.11a 155.38a 23.90a 72.11 2.66a 
0.035% (N3) 177.78a 146.61a 24.24a 74.75 2.56a 
LSD0.05 N 12.13 13.26 0.63 - 0.31 
Table 5. Interacting effects of the organic fertilizer doses and HB101 spray levels on the yield components of the BH9 rice variety in 
the summer season 
Treatment Number of 
panicles per 
m2 
Number of grains 
per panicle 
1000 grain 
weight 
(g) 
Filled grains 
rates 
(%) 
Grain yield 
(tons ha-1) Organic 
fertilizer 
HB101 spray 
levels 
0 ton ha-1 
(P0) 
0% (N0) 161.11c 139.21bc 23.87abc 76.86 2.05cd 
0.015% (N1) 177.78abc 149.57abc 23.12c 72.57 2.00d 
0.025% (N2) 180.56abc 151.18abc 23.72abc 72.28 2.44bcd 
0.035% (N3) 172.22bc 132.16c 24.07ab 74.62 2.57abc 
4 tons ha-1 
(P1) 
0% (N0) 180.56abc 146.27abc 23.28abc 75.61 2.61ab 
0.015% (N1) 175.00abc 139.79bc 22.83c 72.44 2.39bcd 
0.025% (N2) 177.78abc 164.44a 23.90abc 72.15 2.50abcd 
0.035% (N3) 177.78abc 150.00abc 24.34a 73.60 2.51abcd 
6 tons ha-1 
(P2) 
0% (N0) 186.11ab 145.32abc 23.82abc 71.98 2.90ab 
0.015% (N1) 177.78abc 152.32abc 23.87abc 78.39 2.74ab 
0.025% (N2) 200.00a 150.51abc 24.08ab 71.89 3.03a 
0.035% (N3) 183.33ab 157.67ab 24.32a 76.02 2.59ab 
LSD0.05 P x N 21.02 22.98 1.09 - 0.54 
CV% 6.9 9.2 2.7 - 12.6 
the two factors significantly affected all the yield 
components and grain yield of rice, and the 
applications with the high fertilizer (treatments 
P2 and P1) and high levels of HB101 resulted in 
increased values of these parameters. 
The maximum number of panicles per m2 
was recorded in the plants treated with P2N2 
and was followed by P2N0 and P2N3, which 
were on par with each other, whereas the lowest 
value was reported under the P0N0 treatment. 
All the remaining treatments were similar for 
this parameter. 
The maximum number of grains per panicle 
was observed in the plots with the P1N2 
treatment (164.44 grains) and was followed by 
the P2N3 treatment (157.67 grains), whereas the 
Nguyen Thi Loan & Nguyen Ngoc Hung (2019) 
https://vjas.vnua.edu.vn/ 367 
minimum number of grains per panicle was 
noted in the P0N3 treatment (132.16 grains). 
In terms of the 1000 grain weight, the P2N3 
and P1N3 treatments significantly increased this 
parameter as compared to the other treatments 
(24.34g and 24.31g, respectively), however, the 
values were not significantly different from 
each other. The lower applications of fertilizer 
(P0 and P1) with the N1 treatment reported the 
lowest values of grain weight with 23.12g and 
22.83g, respectively. 
Grain yield of the BH9 rice variety 
fluctuated from 2.00 tons ha-1 to 3.03 tons ha-1. 
Under higher doses of fertilizer, the treatments 
with the HB101 solution gave increased values 
of grain yield as compared to lower organic 
fertilizer dose. Application of the P2N2 treatment 
gave the highest significant increment of the rice 
yield compared with the other treatments. It was 
followed by the P2N0, P1N0, and P2N3 
treatments with yields of 2.90 tons ha-1, 2.61 tons 
ha-1 and 2.59 tons ha-1, respectively, and they 
were on par with each other. The minimum grain 
yield was recorded in the P0N1 and P0N0 
treatments with approximately 2 tons ha-1 each. 
It seems that the nutrients released from the 
organic fertilizer play a more important role 
than the HB101 solution. This is in line with the 
above observations as the organic fertilizer 
doses directly affected the formation of grain 
yield. 
In previous studies, Bagayoko et al. (2012) 
and Moe et al. (2017) did not record significant 
differences in yield and yield components under 
the applications of different doses and kinds of 
organic manures. Moe et al. (2017) showed that 
the application of organic manure alone did not 
significantly enhance the yield and yield 
attributes of rice in a cropping season, which 
can be explained by severe deficiencies in 
nitrogen at the vegetative stage. Bagayoko et al. 
(2012) indicated that the manure effects were 
very heterogeneous and high rates did not 
necessarily increase crop yields. Ghoneim et al. 
(2007) recorded increases in grain yield to 
34.8% under the application of poultry manure 
over the control without fertilizer. This was 
consistent with the findings of Myint et al. 
(2011) and Dash et al. (2011), who considered 
that this might be due to the quick release of a 
number of nutrients like N and P from the 
organic inputs. 
In the present study, we observed that the 
effects of the organic fertilizer application on 
grain yield and the number of panicles per m2 
were significant; and high doses of fertilizer led 
to increases in grain yield and yield 
components, which can be explained by the 
increase in nutrient contents, especially N, from 
the organic fertilizer. These results are similar to 
the study of Gautam et al. (2013), who showed 
that with the increasing levels of fertilizer, grain 
yield increased significantly and consistently, 
and achieved the highest increases with the 
highest fertilizer level (20 tons ha-1). According 
to the authors, the increase of rice grain yield 
under the organic manure treatment may have 
been due to the fact that the slow releasing 
nutrients from the organic manure over a long 
period increased the availability of nitrogen and 
the efficiency of the applied or native soil 
phosphorus due to the solubilizing effect of 
organic acids produced during decomposition of 
organic manures (Srivastava et al., 2016). 
Siavoshi et al. (2011) explained that the 
increase in grain yield components was due to 
the better water holding capacity of the soil as a 
result of more organic material applications 
leading to more available water in the soil, 
which enhanced nutrient availability and 
improved nutrient absorption as well as 
increased the production and translocation of 
the dry matter content. There were no 
differences among the yield components, 
potential yield, and grain yield under the effects 
of the HB101 solution, which may be due to the 
fact that the HB101 solution works to maintain 
the proper balance of soil micro-organisms, and 
its ionized minerals combined with the plant 
nutrients from the organic fertilizer caused the 
strengthening of the leaf, stem, and root 
systems, thereby improving the growth 
processes and immune function of the plants. 
These results were similar to the study of 
Mohammadi et al. (2013) in terms of the effects 
of the HB101 solution on potato. The authors 
observed that there was no effect of the HB101 
solution on potato yields; however, the 
Effects of organic fertilizer and HB101 plant vitalizer on the growth and yield of rice 
368 Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences 
combination of HB101 with other fertilizers 
showed positive effects on the potato traits. 
Conclusions 
The results indicated significant increases in 
the growth and yield of the BH9 rice variety in 
the summer season under applications of 
different doses of organic fertilizer and the 
HB101 plant vitalizer. Organic fertilizer alone 
and the integration of organic fertilizer and the 
HB101 solution showed significant effects on 
the number of total tillers, the number of 
effective tillers, dry matter weight, LAI values, 
SPAD values, grain yield, and yield 
components. In general, high rates of organic 
fertilizer application and high HB101 spray 
levels resulted in increases in the growth and 
yield of rice by increasing the number of tillers, 
effective tillers, physiological parameters (LAI, 
SPAD, and dry matter accumulation), grain 
yield, and all the yield attribute parameters. The 
P2N2 treatment (6 tons ha-1 of organic fertilizer 
combined with the HB101 spray level of 
0.025%) gave the highest grain yield with 3.03 
tons ha-1, which was significantly higher than 
the rest of the treatments. Besides, the 
application of the HB101 solution with the 
organic fertilizer dose of 6 tons ha-1 also showed 
higher grain yield of the BH9 rice variety in the 
summer season. 
Acknowledgements 
We acknowledge the People’s Committee 
and the Farmer Association of Hong Thai 
commune, Kien Xuong district, Thai Binh 
province, Vietnam for facilitating and 
supporting the experimental arrangement in the 
field experiments. 
References 
Bagayoko M. (2012). Effect of plant density, organic 
matter and nitrogen rates on rice yields in the system 
of rice intensification (SRI) in the “office du Niger” 
in Mali. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological 
Science. 7(8): 620-632. 
Dash D. A., Patro H., Tiwari R. C. & Shahid M. (2011). 
Effect of organic and inorganic sources of N on 
growth attributes, grain and straw yield of rice (Oryza 
sativa). International Journal of Pharmaceutical and 
Life Sciences. 2(4): 655-660. 
Erdal I., Turkmen R. & Akgun A. (2016). Variation in 
chlorophyll, SPAD value and some nutrient 
concentrations depending on Chlorosis in Peach 
leaves. Lucrari Stiintifice. 59(2): 13-16. 
Gafar A. F., Yassin M. I. D. & Samia O. Y. (2014). Effect 
of different fertilizers (bio, organic and inorganic 
fertilizers) on some yield components of rice (Oryza 
Sativa L.). Universal Journal of Agricultural 
Research. 2(2): 67-70. 
Gautam P., Sharma G. D., Rana R. & Lal B. (2013). 
Effect of integrated nutrient management and spacing 
on growth parameters, nutrient content and 
productivity of rice under system of rice 
intensification. International Journal of Research in 
BioSciences. 2(3): 53-59. 
Ghoneim A. (2007). Effect of nitrogen supplied from 
poultry manure and sewage sludge on growth, yield 
and nitrogen uptake of rice. Bulletin of Experimental 
Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University. 29: 
11-16. 
Islam M. S., Paul N. K., Alam M. R., Uddin M. R., 
Sarker U. K., Islam M. A. & Park S. U. (2015). 
Responded of rice to green manure and nitrogen 
fertilizer application. Online Journal of Biological 
Science. 15(4): 207-216. 
Javier E. F., Marquez J. M., Grospe F. S., Mamucod H. F. 
& Tabien R. E. (2002). Three-year effect of organic 
fertilizer use on paddy rice. Philippine Journal of 
Crop Science. 27(2): 11-15. 
Liu C. W., Sung Y., Chen B. C. & Lai H. Y. (2014). 
Effects of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and 
nitrate content of lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.). 
International Journal of Environmental Research and 
Public Health. 11(4): 4427- 4440. 
Moe K., Win M. K., Win K. K. & Yamakawa T. (2017). 
Combined effect of organic manures and inorganic 
fertilizers on the growth and yield of hybrid rice 
(Palethwe - 1). American Journal of Plant Sciences. 8: 
1022-1042. 
Mohammadi G. R., Ajirloo R. A., Ghobadi M. E. & 
Najaphy A. (2013). Effects of non-chemical and 
chemical fertilizers on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) 
yield and quality. Journal of Medicinal Plants 
Research. 7(1): 36-42. 
Myint A. K., Yamakawa T., Kajihara Y. & Zenmyo T. 
(2010). Application of different organic and mineral 
fertilizers on the growth, yield and nutrient 
accumulation of rice in Japanese ordinary paddy 
yield. Science World Journal. 5(2): 47-54. 
Nguyen Thi Loan & Nguyen Ngoc Hung (2019) 
https://vjas.vnua.edu.vn/ 369 
Myint A. K., Yamakawa T., Zenmyo T., Hoang T. B. T & 
Sarr P. S. (2011). Effects of organic-manure 
application on growth, grain yield, and nitrogen, 
phosphorus, and potassium recoveries of rice variety 
Manawthuka in paddy soils of differing fertility. 
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 
42: 457-474. 
Ohyama N., Katono M. & Hasegawa T. (1998). Effects of 
long term application of organic materials to the 
paddy field originated from Aso volcanic ash on the 
soil fertility and rice growth. I. Effects on the rice 
growth and nutrient uptake for the initial three years. 
Proceeding of Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu Tokai 
University. 17: 9-24. 
Rao T. K., Rao U. A., Sekhar D., Ramu P. S. & Rao V. N. 
(2014). Effect of different doses of nitrogen on 
performance of promising varieties of rice in high 
altitude areas of Andhra Pradesh. International 
Journal of Farm Sciences. 4(1): 6-15. 
Siavoshi M., Nasiri A. & Lawre S. (2011). Effect of 
organic fertilizer on growth and yield in rice (Oryza 
sativa L.). Journal of Agricultural Science. 3(3): 217-
224. 
Siddaram M. D., Murali K., Manjunatha B. N., Ramesha 
Y. M., Basavaraja M. K. & Policepatil A. S. (2010). 
Effect of nitrogen levels through organic sources on 
growth, dry matter production and nutrient uptake of 
irrigated aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.). International 
Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 6(2): 426-429. 
Singh S., Bohra J. S., Singh Y. V., Upadhyay A. K., 
Verma S. S., Mishra P. K. & Raghuveer M. (2017). 
Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth 
and development stages of rice under rice-wheat 
ecosystem. International Journal of Current 
Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 6(7): 2032-2042. 
Srivastava V. K., Singh J. K. & Vishwakarma A. (2016). 
Effect of fertility levels and mode of nitrogen 
nutrition n productivity and profitability of hybrid 
rice under system of rice intensification. International 
Journal of Agriculture Sciences. 8(47): 1983-1986.