Cuộc cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0 với phát triển nhân lực nông nghiệp công nghệ cao tỉnh Thái Nguyên

ar, ensuring national food 
security both immediate, medium- term and 
in the long-term. 
After having the High Technology Law, the 
Prime Minister issued Decision No. 1895 / 
QD-TTg dated 17th December 2012 
approving the program of high technology 
application in agriculture [3]. In April 2015, 
the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 
575/QD-TTg approving the master plan of 
high-tech agricultural zones and zones by 
2020. The decision is clear that “the coffee 
high-tech production regions are 
concentrated in the Central Highlands, 
Northwest and North Central regions. High-
tech tea production areas are concentrated 
in Thai Nguyen and Lam Dong. Areas of 
high-tech dragon fruit production are 
concentrated in Binh Thuan” [4]. 
3.1. Achievements in high-tech agriculture 
in Thai Nguyen province 
Thai Nguyen agriculture sector after more 
than 10 years of implementing the Program of 
Action in the whole Party Committee on 
agriculture, farmers and rural areas, has 
basically had large change, average income of 
people rural areas reached 33.84 million 
VND/person/ year, increased 4 times 
compared to 2008, the rate of trained workers 
reached 62.78%. The value of agricultural 
products per one ha of cultivated land reached 
91.4 million VND, the rate of rural people 
using clean water reached 89%. Total added 
value of agriculture, forestry and fisheries in 
2017 reached VND 7,231 billion (an increase 
of VND 2,899 billion compared to 2008); The 
value of agricultural production in 2017 was 
VND 12,515 billion (an increase of VND 
5,656 billion compared to 2008). 
In the field of cultivation, in recent years, 
many farmers in the province have actively 
applied many scientific and technological 
advances to use high-tech into production. 
Initially, the province has established a 
number of safe vegetable and fruit production 
areas. The investment in building cold houses 
to preserve flowers in large areas of flower-
growing areas of the province such as Huong 
Thuong (Dong Hy) and Tuc Duyen (Thai 
Nguyen). With cold houses, flower farmers no 
longer have difficulties related to the weather 
or are worry about early blooming flowers, 
quickly decaying, losing value... Phu Gia Dai 
Tu's high-tech mushroom production and 
medicinal mushroom models have produced 
Export products. The model is giving high 
economic efficiency to grow pepper banana by 
growing in a culture medium method at Gia 
Sang technical and agricultural seedling 
transfer station (Department of Agriculture and 
Rural Development)... Especially, for tea - 
spearhead specialty of the province, the areas 
in the province have been attended to raising 
tea plantation area to nearly 22,000 ha, 
creating many tea regions for organic 
production. 
In the livestock sector: The province has built a 
number of main breeding areas with high 
economic efficiency (areas of chickens raising 
areas in Phu Binh, Dinh Hoa and Vo Nhai; pig 
raising areas in Phu Binh, Pho Yen...). With 
chicken raising areas, there are 200/356 high-
tech application farms such as high-yield, cold-
coop breeding, automating care systems, about 
20% of the total number of chickens in the 
province. In pig raising areas, 40/250 farms 
apply high-tech such as high yielding varieties, 
cold cages, automating feed and water 
operation, antiseptic and environmental 
treatment according to advanced breeding 
technology process, making 11.2% of the total 
pig quantity in the province... These 
applications help reduce labor cost, increase 
production efficiency for farmers, so that 
number of pigs grow to more than 700 
thousands (up more than 300 thousands 
compared to 5 years ago), poultry quantity is 
up to 10 millions, increasing 4 millions for 5 
years ago. 
Pham Thi Minh Nguyet et al TNU Journal of Science and Technology 199(06): 101 - 109 
 Email: jst@tnu.edu.vn 105 
In 2018, the province identified a large, deep 
and wide vision in developing and 
considering major directions, including the 
content of diversifying the economy with 
three pillars: Developing high-tech industry 
with electronic industry, related supporting 
industries; tourism - service, in which, the 
development of education, training and 
medical services has gradually become an 
important sector of the local economy; high-
tech agricultural development. Thai Nguyen 
province is in parallel with the issuance of 
projects and plans to support production 
development associated with agricultural 
restructuring and new rural construction (such 
as: Agricultural restructuring scheme, Scheme 
Agricultural application of high technology, 
the scheme of developing tea plants and tea 
product brands, the development of high-tech 
agriculture is a great program of Thai 
Nguyen. In the province, the project of high-
tech agricultural development has been 
developed and implemented; The program of 
agricultural restructuring towards improving 
added value and sustainable development is 
being considered as the main driving force for 
promoting agricultural growth in the area, 
improving incomes and improving people's 
lives countryside. Along with the expansion 
of the above models, many financial 
resources have been invested in high-tech 
applications, forming and developing link 
chains or using block-chain, creating quality 
agricultural products, productivity and value, 
high, environmentally friendly, contributing 
to ensuring social safety. 
However, many high-tech application 
development projects still exist. Agricultural 
production in the province is still mainly 
small and fragmented production based on 
household size, mainly raw materials, low 
rate of industrial processing. In order to 
develop sustainably in high-tech application 
agriculture, it really achieved good results, it 
needs to raise awareness, financial capacity, 
technology, policies and organizational 
mechanism, close coordination between the 
state and the faculties, the scientists, investors 
and farmers. 
3.2. Actual situation of human resources in 
Thai Nguyen province 
General characteristics of human resources in 
Thai Nguyen province: Regarding the number 
of labor force, by the end of 2017, the 
province's labor force from the age of 15 to 
over Which reached 769 thousand people, 
increasing of 5,000 people to 2016 (male 
49.7% and female 50.3%), urban labor force 
accounts for 30.3%, rural area 69.7%. 
Workers from the aged 15 and over working 
in economic sectors in 2017 reached 758 
thousand people, up 5.8 thousand people to 
2016. In which, agriculture, forestry and 
fishery sector 332.1 thousands of people, for 
43.8%; industry and construction 234.6 
thousand people, for 30.9%; service sector 
191.3 thousand people, for 25.3%. Thus, Thai 
Nguyen agricultural workers still account for 
a higher proportion than other sectors. 
Regarding the quality of labor force in Thai 
Nguyen province, compared to the rate of 
trained laborers in the whole country in 2017, 
about 53%, the proportion of trained laborers 
with degrees and certificates in Thai Nguyen 
only reached 30.7% (although it was higher 
than 29.4% in 2016), in which trained 
workers in urban areas reached 57.7%, rural 
areas reached 19.2%. 
Regarding the employment status of Thai 
Nguyen's human resources, the number and 
proportion of laborers in the agriculture, 
forestry and fishery sectors in Thai Nguyen 
are always higher than those of industry, 
construction and services over the years. 
Pham Thi Minh Nguyet et al TNU Journal of Science and Technology 199(06): 101 - 109 
 Email: jst@tnu.edu.vn 106 
Table 1. The number and proportion of employees working annually following to Thai Nguyen economic sector 
Year 
Total 
(people) 
Agriculture and forestry – 
fishery products 
Industry and 
construction 
Service 
Amount 
(people) 
Proportion 
(%) 
Amount 
(people) 
Proportion 
(%) 
Amount 
(people) 
Proportion 
(%) 
2015 746,898 377,139 50.49% 205,254 27.48% 164,505 22.03% 
2016 752,337 354,364 47.1% 219,622 29.19% 178,351 23.71% 
2017 758,082 332,116 43.81% 234,586 30.94% 191,380 25.25% 
Source: Thai Nguyen Statistical Yearbook 2017[5] 
The unemployment rate of labor force in 
working age in 2017 is 1.68%, of which, labor 
in urban areas are 2.16%, in rural areas are 
1.46%. The underemployment rate of the labor 
force in the working age is 0.47% (0.21% in 
urban areas and 0.58% in rural areas). 
Regarding training of human resources, by 
2020, Thai Nguyen will have about 70% of 
trained laborers will be trained; becoming a 
high quality human resource training center 
for the Northern midland and mountainous 
provinces... Thai Nguyen has nine 
universities, nineteen colleges, professional 
and vocational schools, and thirty-three 
vocational training centers. Every year, 
vocational training for about 16,000 to 18,000 
people. In the coming years, the province 
implements measures to develop human 
resources; especially focusing on the 
renovation of state management methods on 
training, human resource development, capital 
mobilization, training to improve 
qualifications, knowledge and skills for 
employees. 
Regarding training, Thai Nguyen currently 
has nine universities with about 2,499 
lecturers, 14 professional colleges and 
vocational colleges with over 1,648 lecturers, 
10 intermediate schools with over 661 
teachers. The number of teachers increased in 
both quantity and qualifications. 
Table 2. Level of lecturers of Thai Nguyen University, College and Intermediate school 
Year University lecturers College lecturers Intermediate teacher 
Post - 
graduate 
Bachelor’s 
degree 
Post – 
graduate 
Bachelor’s 
degree 
Post – 
graduate 
Bachelor’s 
degree 
2015 2.139 449 905 818 112 344 
2016 2.244 312 961 705 112 322 
2017 2.290 209 979 600 164 339 
Source: Thai Nguyen Statistical Yearbook 2017[5] 
In the field of majority training, the number of science and technology organizations in the field 
of agricultural increased significantly over the years, accounting for the highest proportion in the 
field of scientific research in 2017, this shows that the focus on research investment in the field of 
agricultural science is increasingly being done high attention. 
Table 3. Number of science and technology organizations in the field of science in Thai Nguyen province 
No. Science 2015 2016 2017 
1 Natural Sciences 1 3 2 
2 Technology Science 7 3 11 
3 Agronomy 5 3 16 
4 Medical science 4 2 3 
5 Social science 8 3 6 
6 Humanities 1 0 4 
Source: Thai Nguyen Statistical Yearbook 2017[6] 
Pham Thi Minh Nguyet et al TNU Journal of Science and Technology 199(06): 101 - 109 
 Email: jst@tnu.edu.vn 107 
However, high-tech agricultural of Thai 
Nguyen has limit of the whole country. 
According to the Vietnam human resource 
development plan for the period 2011-2020, 
which has been approved by the Prime 
Minister, the proportion of human resources 
trained in agriculture, forestry and fishery has 
increased from 15.5% in 2010 up to about 
50% by 2020. However, it is forecasted that 
by 2020, human resources in this sector will 
lack about 3.2 millions trained laborers. 
In order to develop high-tech agriculture in 
industrial revolution 4.0, Thai Nguyen 
province must have a synchronous solution 
system and comprehensive linkage between 
the State - Scientist - Enterprise - Farmer. 
4. Solution to develop high-tech agricultural 
human resources in Thai Nguyen province 
with industrial revolution 4.0 
4.1. Growth trends of high-tech agricultural 
industry and requirements for the 
developing high-tech agriculture human 
resources in Thai Nguyen province 
According to the plan to 2020, Thai Nguyen 
province will complete the construction of 
infrastructure of high-tech agricultural 
applications with scale of 320 ha which 
located in Tien Phong and Tan Huong (Pho 
Yen district); to build agricultural areas where 
high-tech applications are applied to crops 
and livestock which are majorities of the 
agriculture; there are at least 2 enterprises 
(businesses) to develop high-tech agricultural 
applications; to reach to the proportion of 
high-tech agricultural production value into 
20% or more of the total value of agricultural 
production in the locality; to build and perfect 
the system of technical processes for 
agricultural, forestry and aquatic, production 
for plants and animals suitable to the 
conditions of the province with using high-
tech application... [4] These are considered 
hard-targets for a actual province situation 
with a low starting point in developing 
agricultural high-tech applications such as 
Thai Nguyen. Thai Nguyen has just been at 
the starting point, but the province has 
identified high-tech agricultural investment as 
an inevitable direction in the province's socio-
economic development strategy. Specifically, 
in 2018, Thai Nguyen attracted 65 projects, 
especially focusing on 19 projects in the 
agricultural sector, mainly high-tech 
agricultural projects. 
The requirement for the development of high-
tech agriculture human resources in Thai 
Nguyen province before agriculture 4.0 
requires the labor force with high skills and 
proficiency in the application of scientific and 
technological advances... for economic 
results. However, the fact shows that the 
qualification of labor in rural areas of Thai 
Nguyen is low, the system of vocational 
training is outdated and does not meet the 
requirements. Facing this situation, the 
renewal of training methods and human 
resource development for agriculture 4.0 is an 
urgent requirement for functional levels and 
branches, needing practical solutions for 
development of human agricultural force. 
4.2. Solution on controlling quantity and 
quality and improvement of high-tech 
agricultural human resources 
Firstly, there must be good at controlling in 
terms of the number of human resources, 
limiting the population growth rate of the 
province. According to Thai Nguyen 
statistics, the population of Thai Nguyen 
province in 2016 is 1,227,400 people, the 
natural population growth rate is 0.99%. In 
particularly, the main reason for Thai Nguyen 
population growth due to high migration into 
Thai Nguyen (two directions: rural - Thai 
Nguyen and other urban areas - Thai Nguyen); 
Thai Nguyen crude birth rate in 2017 is 15.14 
‰ (decreasing 0.17 ‰ compared to 2016), the 
reduction is not sustainable, especially, that is 
higher than the other province because of 
childbearing in rural. Thereby, all creating 
many problems that need solved such as labor 
and employment: unemployment rate of labor 
resources in the working age in 2017 is 1.68%,