Authentication in E-Learning systems: Challenges and solutions

Digitization is gradually penetrating all aspects of modern society. As it changes the way people

communicate, technology has revolutionized education and training in the 21st century. With the

advantages of reasonable costs and flexible study time, online training is increasingly seen as an

attractive alternative to the full-time on-campus training model. To assure quality of distance training and learning, it is crucial for the online learning management system to make sure the person

accessing the course resources and performing learning activities is actually enrolled in the course.

One of the important factors determining the security of this process is user authentication. In most

cases, this role is done with a password, but the evidence shows that this method is easily compromised. While there are many alternatives available such as biometric methods, user-challenging

methods, smart card methods, etc. The strong development of technology that requires confidentiality and authentication must be tightly coupled. A qualitative survey of user authentication

systems is being used in today's E-learning systems and a comparative study of various different authentication mechanisms presented in this paper. There are many methods of user authentication

for online learning systems, but each method will have different advantages and disadvantages and

has not completely solved the challenges of user authentication. The issue of user authentication

still has many challenges that need to be solved thoroughly to improve the security of the system

as well as the trust of users and society. This paper provides an overview of our approach and

recommendations to address the mentioned issues. In addition, we propose a number of feasible

approaches to improve user data privacy as well as improve the effectiveness of the authentication

process in the online learning system.

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Authentication in E-Learning systems: Challenges and solutions
 transmission between com- of the data. Encryption is often used to ensure that
 puters. The main use of a hash tree is to ensure that users’ personal data is transmitted, stored securely,
 blocks of data received from different nodes in the and free from malicious attacks or hacks. This encryp-
 same peer network are received undamaged and un- tion keeps the data protected and can only be read by
 damaged. the person holding the secret key.
 SI98
Science & Technology Development Journal – Engineering and Technology, 3(SI1):SI95-SI101
 A linear dimension reducing transform that projects information field. While providing little data, the au-
 the profile and the verification data to a lower dimen- thentication process must prove that this data is part
 sion space, while preserving relative distances of the of the entire user authentication data.
 vectors and so correctness of authentication. Besides, we can use an Ethereum address as an identi-
 fier (no username or password is required) and the au-
 Ensure the Integrity of User Authentication
 thentication process will be done through smart con-
 Data
 tracts. This process is described simply by the follow-
 User authentication data needs to be absolutely se- ing steps:
 cure. In particular, this data needs to be guaranteed
 to not be changed to pass the authentication step of 1. User requests access to the service.
 the system. There have been many attacks on user
 databases to steal and modify user in- formation for 2. Service provider sends some challenging ques-
 many nefarious purposes. This leads to the need for tions to the user.
 storage methods to ensure the transparency and in- 3. User use the private key of their Ethereum ac-
 tegrity of the data. With these strict requirements, count to sign the answer then submit the signed
 blockchain becomes a potential candidate with its answer.
 preeminent characteristics.
 4. Service provider call the smart contract to verify
 Blockchain technology is commonly known for its ap-
 answer, signature and user address.
 plications in the monetary and banking sectors, but
 it works a little differently from the typical bank-
 With this approach, service providers will not have to
 ing system. Instead of relying on centralized regula-
 store user data, so user data privacy is guaranteed. Be-
 tors, it guarantees the functionality of the blockchain
 sides the authentication process is done by smart con-
 through a set of nodes. This technology ensures im-
 mutability, blockchain keeps the information in the tract, and this contract is immutable so the authenti-
 8,30
 best security, not lost, modified and stolen. Trans- cation result is transparent and reliable .
 parency and makes it anti-corruption CONCLUSION
 where every node on the system has a copy of the digi-
 tal ledger. Same rules of consensus so that every node There are many methods of user authentication for
 needs to check the validity of a transaction. One fea- online learning systems, but each method will have
 ture of blockchain is that once transaction blocks are different advantages and disadvantages and has not
 added to the ledger, no one can go back and change it. completely solved the challenges of user authentica-
 Another potential approach is IPFS, which works by tion. The issue of user authentication still has many
 storing data on the network in the form of a file struc- challenges that need to be solved thoroughly to im-
 29
 ture . This file structure is Merkle DAG, which com- prove the security of the system as well as the trust of
 bines a Merkle tree (which is a form of hash tree to users and society. In addition, we propose a number
 ensure immutability) and Guided Ring Graph (used of feasible approaches to improve user data privacy as
 in Git version control, which also allows users to see well as improve the effectiveness of the authentication
 content version on IPFS). process in the online learning system.
 Usually a website requires centralized data storage for
 In the future we will study and propose an effective
 its files in the server to be able to do so. Operating
 authentication and identity management solution for
 with great advantages over http, IPFS is immune to
 online learning systems that not only ensures security
 DDoS attacks, which cause a lot of internet resources
 but also enhances the privacy of users’ data.
 concentrated today. Another advantage of IPFS is its
 ability to connect to IoT devices. ACKOWLEDGEMENT
 Efficient Authentication Process This research was supported by Infinity Blockchain
 Most authentication processes require users to pro- Labs (IBL) and Vietnam Blockchain Corporation
 vide personal information for authentication, which (VBC).
 leads to users having to provide too much sensitive in- CONFLICT OF INTEREST
 formation, and obviously this is a matter of concern.
 Therefore, the authentication process should only re- The authors declare no conflict of interest in this arc-
 quire a small amount of data or even part of a user ticle.
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Science & Technology Development Journal – Engineering and Technology, 3(SI1):SI95-SI101
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Tạp chí Phát triển Khoa học và Công nghệ – Kĩ thuật và Công nghệ, 3(SI1):SI95-SI101
 Open Access Full Text Article Bài Tổng quan
Xác thực người dùng trong hệ thống học tập trực tuyến: Thách
thức và giải pháp
Lưu Quang Huân*, Nguyễn Duy Minh, Phạm Hoàng Anh, Huỳnh Tường Nguyên
 TÓM TẮT
 Ngày nay, học tập trực tuyến đang ngày càng phổ biến và được xem như là một phương pháp thay
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 Use your smartphone to scan this công cụ giảng dạy, thảo luận cũng như các công cụ hỗ trợ kiểm tra nhằm đánh giá kỹ năng của
 QR code and download this article người học. Một trong những yếu tố quan trọng quyết định tính bảo mật quả quá trình này là xác
 thực người dùng. Cũng như các hệ thống thông tin khác, vấn đề xác thực danh tính người dùng
 trong hệ thống học tập trực tuyến cũng là một vấn đề còn chưa được giải quyết thấu đáo. Trong
 phần lớn các trường hợp, vai trò này được thực hiện bằng mật khẩu, nhưng bằng chứng cho thấy
 phương pháp này dễ bị xâm phạm. Trong khi đó có nhiều sự lựa chọn thay thế tồn tại như phương
 pháp sinh trắc học, phương pháp thử thách người dùng và nhiều các phương pháp khác. Sự phát
 triển mạnh mẽ của công nghệ đòi hỏi tính bảo mật và xác thực phải được kết hợp chặt chẽ với
 nhau. Một cuộc khảo sát định tính về các hệ thống xác thực người dùng đang được sử dụng trong
 các hệ thống E-learning ngày nay và một nghiên cứu so sánh về các cơ chế xác thực khác nhau
 được trình bày trong bài báo này. Có nhiều phương pháp xác thực người dùng cho các hệ thống
 học trực tuyến, tuy nhiên mỗi phương pháp sẽ có những ưu nhược điểm khác nhau và chưa giải
 quyết triệt để những thách thức về xác thực người dùng. Vấn đề xác thực người dùng vẫn còn
 nhiều thách thức cần được giải quyết triệt để để nâng cao tính bảo mật của hệ thống cũng như sự
 tin tưởng của người dùng và xã hội Ngoài ra, chúng tôi đề xuất một số phương pháp khả thi để cải
 thiện quyền riêng tư dữ liệu người dùng cũng như cải thiện hiệu quả của quá trình xác thực trong
 hệ thống học tập trực tuyến.
 Từ khoá: Xác thực phân tán, Tính riêng tư, Cây Merkle, Blockchain
 Trường Đại học Bách Khoa, Đại học
 Quốc gia Tp. Hồ Chí Minh, Việt Nam
 Liên hệ
 Lưu Quang Huân, Trường Đại học Bách
 Khoa, Đại học Quốc gia Tp. Hồ Chí Minh, Việt
 Nam
 Email: huanluuquang@gmail.com
 Lịch sử
 • Ngày nhận: 28-7-2019
 • Ngày chấp nhận: 23-8-2019 
 • Ngày đăng: 04-12-2020
 DOI : 10.32508/stdjet.v3iSI1.516 
 Bản quyền
 © ĐHQG Tp.HCM. Đây là bài báo công bố
 mở được phát hành theo các điều khoản của
 the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
 International license.
 Trích dẫn bài báo này: Huân L Q, Minh N D, Anh P H, Nguyên H T. Xác thực người dùng trong hệ 
 thống học tập trực tuyến: Thách thức và giải pháp. Sci. Tech. Dev. J. - Eng. Tech.; 3(SI1):SI95-SI101.
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